Historically, low-intensity fires occurred in mixed conifer forests anywhere from 10 to 30 years. These fires, not only reduced ground fuels, but also helped maintain open canopies and understories and create forest corridors. It is estimated that because of fire suppression, fire frequency returns today can be as much as 45 years in a mixed-conifer forest *(FEIS, 2002).

It was estimated in 1998 as part of the Sevier Plateau Assessment that 38,000 acres of mixed conifer forest existed within the Sanford area, up from a historic distribution of 22,000. Following the Sanford fire, with 12,585 acres mixed conifer burned, there is still more mixed conifer today (approx. 25,500) than historically existed. Prescribed and natural fire, and selective logging can all help maintain diversity within the landscape.

Within the Sanford Fire 4,000 acres of spruce/fir complexes remain, while 2,838 acres burned. Ponderosa pine, found intermixed with mixed conifer and spruce/fir complexes, account for only 92 acres burned. Old growth forests associated with Ponderosa pine provide excellent habitat for Northern goshawk, flammulated owl, wild turkey and big game animals.

*USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (2002, September). Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. Available at Fire Effects Information [October 2, 2002].